1.) FUNDAMENTAL OF COMPUTER
1.) what is the fundamental of computer?
Ans:- The fundamental of computer means the study about the study about the computer, such as introduction, generation, history of computer etc.In this chapter a student can know about computer. They can have the idea about the parts of computer and some basic use of computer and also know how a computer works, etc.
INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER
2.) What is the Computer?
Ans:- A computer is a high speed electronic device or machine made for the mankind to make the life easy and can do a work of hundred people alone.
The main work of a computer is to take data and after taking the date process it and gives result as an output.
NOTE:- The name computer comes from the word "computer" which means to calculate. It is a Greek word Such as Calculator comes from the word calculate, so our calculating device is known as calculator.
3.) What is the full from of a computer?
C - Complete
O - Obedient
M - Machine
P - Provide
U - User
T - To
E - Everything
R - Right
NOTE:-Vaisa purntah aagiyakari yantra Jo pradan karta hai upbhokta Ko Sab Kuchh Sahi Sahi sangnak kahlata Hai
( Computer :- संगणक )
4.) What is data?
Ans :- Data is nothing but the raw materials or the instructions a user provide to the computer to work with it. It can be anything such as numbers, alphabets etc. There are four types of data basically known :-
I.) Number data (0 to 9)
II.) Alphabetical data (A to Z)
III.) Symbolic data(©,® ™ % > & € ¥ ^ * etc.)
IV.) Picture Data (All types of pictures, etc.)
5.) What is a Program?
Ans :- A program is a set of instructions made for the Computer to work with. It is actually a mediator that connects a user and the computer.
There are several programs that we use in computer.
For example :- Microsoft office, Notepad, WordPad, MS-Paint, etc.
6.) How a Computer works?
Ans :- A Computer works both logically and arithmetically. The instructions and the data given to the computer gets converted to its language and then it provides the result.
7.) What is hardware?
Ans :- Hardware : All the physical components or parts of a computer are known as Hardware.
We can touch all computer hardware.
NOTE :- Those students who study about
the Hardware of a computer and
know how to repair it are known
as Hardware Engineers.
Some examples of Hardware are as follows :-
1.) Keyboard 2.) Mouse. 3.) Printer
4.) Monitor 5.) Speaker 6.) Scanner
7.) Hard Disk 8.) Joy Stick
8.) In how many types Hardware can be classified?
Ans :- Hardware can be classified into two types :-
1.) Input Device 2.) Output Device
9.) What is an Input Device?
Ans :- The device by which we input the
the data or instructions into the
computer is known as an Input Device.
NOTE :- The device that helps to input
any type of data or instructions
(i. e., A a b c 0 1etc.) to the computer
system.
For example :-Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner etc.
10.) What is an Output Device?
Ans :- The device by which we get to know the result of the data provided
to the computer after processing it is
known as an Output Device.
NOTE :- The device that shows or gives
the result of the data entered with
the help of Input Device to the
computer system.
For example :- Monitor, Speaker, Printe etc.
11.) What is Software?
Ans:- A software is designed to work
with computer system. It is a set of
instructions that work as it is made
for. Each software is prepared for
various use and individual
requirements that fulfill the required conditions.
NOTE :- Without Software one can't work.
with computer, it is very necessary
to have software installed.
SO HARDWARE IS INCOMPLETE WITHOUT SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE
IS INCOMPLETE WITHOUT HARDWARE
in COMPUTER. ____Amit kashyap!
NOTE :- Those students who study about
software, work on it and know how
to design Software and have the
are known as Software Engineers.
2.) HISTORY OF COMPUTER
1.) What is history of computer ?
Ans:- In the chapter HISTORY OF COMPUTER student can know all about the computer's history.
2.) When and where was the first computer developed ?
Ans:- The first computer was developed in 1946 by USA (United States of America).
The name of the computer was ENIAC.
3.) When and where was the first computer in India developed ?
Ans:- After 20 Years, in 1966 the first computer was developed in India by BHABHA RESEARCH of INSTITUTE in MUMBAI.
4.) What was the first calculating device?
Ans:- The first calculating device was known as Abacus.
*ABACUS*
Abacus was developed in around 5000 (BC) by Chinese people.
The word ABACUS means 'Calculating board'. It consists of sticks in horizontal positions on which were inserted sets of pebbles (पत्थर).
NOTE:- It has a number of horizontal bars each having ten beads. Horizontal bars represent Units, Tens, Hundreds etc.
*NAPIER'S BONE*
In the early 1600s, Scottish mathematicians called John Napier invented a tool called
Napier's Bones, which were multiplication Tables inscribed on strips of woods or bones.
*CHARLES BABBAGE'S
DIFFERENTIAL ENGINE*
His first attempt to build a mechanical devices to do automatic computation was a Difference engine. It was based on mathematical theory of polynomials and was meant to perform additions in a Specific Sequence to produce results.
*PASCAL'S MECHANICAL CALCULATOR*
In 1942, Pascal had invented this machine.
This was made by a rectangular box of brass. Eight dials were taken for addition of eight digits. Apparently though it was helpful but there were some restrictions. It was moderated by Gottfried Wilhelm Won Leibniz.
*ENIAC*
The full form of ENIAC is. :
E ----- Electronic
N ------ Numeric
I ----- Integrator
A ----- And
C ----- Calculator
The origin of the first truly general purpose computer was designed to meet the requirement of world war II. The ENIAC was designed in 1945 at the University of Pennsylvania to Calculating figures for thousands of gunnery tables required by the US Army for accuracy in artillery file. It could perform 5000 additions or 500 multiplication per minute.
*UNIVAC*
The full form of UNIVAC is. :-
UNIV ----- Universal
A ----- Automatic
C ----- Computer
It was the first computer which can handle both numeric and alphabetic data with equal facility. This was the first commercially available computer.
5.) Who was Charles Babbage?
Ans:- Charles Babbage was an English Mathematician and a professor of Mathematics in 'Cambridge University'. He invented the difference engine that has all the fundamental concepts of the modern digital computer. But he died during his invention.
NOTE :- CHARLES BABBAGE is known as the FATHER of MODERN DIGITAL COMPUTER.
Ans:- In the chapter HISTORY OF COMPUTER student can know all about the computer's history.
2.) When and where was the first computer developed ?
Ans:- The first computer was developed in 1946 by USA (United States of America).
The name of the computer was ENIAC.
Ans:- After 20 Years, in 1966 the first computer was developed in India by BHABHA RESEARCH of INSTITUTE in MUMBAI.
4.) What was the first calculating device?
Ans:- The first calculating device was known as Abacus.
*ABACUS*
Abacus was developed in around 5000 (BC) by Chinese people.
The word ABACUS means 'Calculating board'. It consists of sticks in horizontal positions on which were inserted sets of pebbles (पत्थर).
NOTE:- It has a number of horizontal bars each having ten beads. Horizontal bars represent Units, Tens, Hundreds etc.
ABACUS
*NAPIER'S BONE*
In the early 1600s, Scottish mathematicians called John Napier invented a tool called
Napier's Bones, which were multiplication Tables inscribed on strips of woods or bones.
*CHARLES BABBAGE'S
DIFFERENTIAL ENGINE*
His first attempt to build a mechanical devices to do automatic computation was a Difference engine. It was based on mathematical theory of polynomials and was meant to perform additions in a Specific Sequence to produce results.
*PASCAL'S MECHANICAL CALCULATOR*
In 1942, Pascal had invented this machine.
This was made by a rectangular box of brass. Eight dials were taken for addition of eight digits. Apparently though it was helpful but there were some restrictions. It was moderated by Gottfried Wilhelm Won Leibniz.
*ENIAC*
The full form of ENIAC is. :
E ----- Electronic
N ------ Numeric
I ----- Integrator
A ----- And
C ----- Calculator
The origin of the first truly general purpose computer was designed to meet the requirement of world war II. The ENIAC was designed in 1945 at the University of Pennsylvania to Calculating figures for thousands of gunnery tables required by the US Army for accuracy in artillery file. It could perform 5000 additions or 500 multiplication per minute.
*UNIVAC*
The full form of UNIVAC is. :-
UNIV ----- Universal
A ----- Automatic
C ----- Computer
It was the first computer which can handle both numeric and alphabetic data with equal facility. This was the first commercially available computer.
5.) Who was Charles Babbage?
Ans:- Charles Babbage was an English Mathematician and a professor of Mathematics in 'Cambridge University'. He invented the difference engine that has all the fundamental concepts of the modern digital computer. But he died during his invention.
NOTE :- CHARLES BABBAGE is known as the FATHER of MODERN DIGITAL COMPUTER.
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