INTERNET INTRODUCTION
- Internet is become more popular among computer users. It is the technology that has made the concept of global village of reality. Technically when you connect two or more computers together that's called a network.
In Internet a huge resource of information is accessible to education, science, health, medicine, history and geography, to business, news and etc. can be retrieved through internet.
Q.1) What is a network?
Ans :- A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together. There are many types of computer network:
I) LANs : The full from of LANs is Local Area Network. In this type of network the computers are geographical close together that is in the same building.
II) WANs : The full from of WANs is Wide Area Network. In this type of network the computers are father apart and are connected by telephones lines, radio waves.
III) CANs : The full from of CANs is Campus Area Network. In this type of network the computer are connected with in a limited geographical area such as a campus or military base.
IV) MANs : The full form of MANs is Metropolitan Area Network. In this type of network, the computer data network is designed for a town or city.
V.) hans : The full from of HANs is Home Area Network. In this type of network the computer network connected within a user's home that connected a person's digital devices.
In addition to these types the following characteristics are also used to categorize different types of the network.
TOPOLOGY : The geometric arrangement of a computer system is known as Topology. There are several types of topology such as a bus, star and ring.
Protocol : The protocol defines a common set of rules and signals that computer on the network use to connected communicate etc.
Note : One of the most popular protocols for LANs is called Ethernet.
Another popular LAN protocols for PCs is the IBM to know ring network.
ARCHITECTURE :- Network can be broadly classified as using either a peer to peer or client / server architecture.
i.) Peer to Peer Network :- It is a network in which inter connected modes ("peers") share resources amongst each other without the use of a Centralize administrative system.
ii.) Client :- A client is piece of computer hardware or software that accesses a service made available by a server.
iii.) Server :- A server is a running instance of an application (software) capable of accepting requests from the client and give response accordingly.
Q.2) What is Internet?
Ans :- The Internet is a large group of computers that are connected to each other. The Internet is used to send information quickly between computers around the world. It has millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks and websites, which together carry many different kinds of information (facts and details) and service. So in other words, the Internet is a network of networks.
Q.3) What is the history of internet?
Ans :- The Internet was created in the United States by the "United States Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" (DARPA). It was first connected in October, 1969. The World Wide Web was created at CERN in Switzerland in 1989 by a British (UK) man named Tim Berners-Lee.
Today, people can pay money to access the Internet from Internet Service Provides. Some services on the Internet cost nothing to use. Sometimes the people who offer these free services use advertising to make money from them. The alternative (other) name, "Net" came from "Inter(net)".
Q.4) What are the advantages or services used from Internet?
Ans :- The Internet is used for many things, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked web pages and other documents of the world wide web.
The most used service on the Internet is the World Wide Web (which is also called the "Web"). The web contains websites, blogs, and also wikis like Wikipedia. Webpages on the Web can be seen and read by anyone (unless the page needs a password, or it is blocked).
The second major use of the Internet is to send and receive e-mail. E-mail is private and goes from one user to another. Instant messaging (such as AIM or ICQ) is similar to email, but allows two or more people to chat to each other much faster.
Some governments think the Internet is a bad thing, and block all or part of it. For example, the Chinese government thinks that Wikipedia is bad. Many times no one in China can read it or add to it. Some parents block parts of the Internet they think are bad for children to see. Well-known examples of the whole Internet being blocked are in North Korea and Myanmar.
Q.5) What are the side effects or dangers from the Internet?
Ans :- The Internet can also be a dangerous place. Information that people put on the Internet is not always checked, and some many not be true. Some may even be harmful. Also, if someone sends information through the internet, sometimes other people can read it even when they are not supposed to. For example, Facebook has had some problems with privacy settings. A person can post information on a website, but this is often a bad idea unless the person is very sure of what they are doing. A good way to check for a secure website is to make sure the URL starts with https:// instead of http://, this means it is a secure site. (This only stops other people from reading what a users types. It does not mean the website is safe).
Some websites may trick people into downloading viruses that can harm a computer or spyware that spies on its users (looks at what they are doing and tells someone else). E-mail can also have harmful files with them as "attachments".
In Internet chat rooms, people might be praying on others or trying to stalk or abuse them.
The Internet contains content that many people find offensive such as pornography, as well as content intended to be offensive.
Q.6) What is URL?
Ans :- Every server on the Internet has an IP number, a unique number consisting of 4 parts separated by dots.
The full from of URL is Uniform Resources Locator.
The IP number is the server's address.
165.113.245.2
128.143.22.55
However, it is hardware for people to remember numbers than to remember word combinations. So, addresses are given "word-based" addresses called URLs. The URL and the IP number are one and the same.
The standard way to give the address of any resource on the Internet that is Part of the World Wide Web (WWW).
A URL looks like this :
http://www.google.co.in/amitsir.html
telnet://well.sf.ca.us
gopher://gopher.ed.gov/
The URL is divided into sections:
transfer/transport protocol :/ server (or domain). generic top level domain/path/filename
The first part of a URL defines the transport protocol.
http:// (HyperText Transport Protocol) moves graphical, hypertext files
ftp:// (File Transfer Protocol) moves a file between 2 computers
gopher:// (Gopher client) moves text-based files
news:// (News group reader) accesses a discussion group
telnet:// (Telnet client) allows remote login to another computer.
Q.7) What is a Web Browser?
Ans :- Web browser is a software application used to locate, retrieve and display content on the World Wide Web, including Web pages, images and video.
Note :- To access internet we need a browser on which we can open web pages such as Facebook, Google, etc.
There are several web browser as follows :-
i.) Google chrome
ii.) Opera
iii.) Internet Explorer
iv.) Mozilla Firefox
v.) Safari, etc...
» To start any Internet Explorer simply click on the icon present at the Desktop or Go to "Start" then "All Programs" then select "INTERNET EXPLORER" or select the desire Browser's icon.
Q.) What is a website?
Ans :- A Website is a set of related web pages typically served from a single web domain. It is accessible via Internet. It is also known as Site. It is typically written in plain text interspersed with formatting instructions of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). It is run under a web browser.
Some of the famous website are follows :-
Search Engine
1) Google www.goole.com
E-mail
2) Gmail www.gmail.com
3) Rediffmail www.readiffmail.com
4) Yahoo www.yahoomail.com
Social Networking Site
5) Facebook (fb) www.facebook.com
/www.fb.com
6) Twitter www.twitter.com
7) Orkut www.orkut.com
Audio Songs
8) SongsPk www.songs.pk
www.songspk.name
9) Mp3 www.mymp3song.com
10) IndianMp3 www.indiamp3.com
Video Songs
11) YouTube www.youtube.com
12.) Hungama www.hungama.com
13.) Mobmp4 www.mobmp4.com
Free Games
14) Gametop www.gametop.com
15) EA www.ea.com
16) PlayCity www.myplacity.com
Free PC Softwares
17) Softonic www.softonic.com
18) Brothersoft www.brothersoft.com
Free Download sites for Mobile !
(Audio/Video, Android Games, App, etc..)
19) BdMobi m.bdmobi.com
20) WapKing longest.mobi
21) Mobile9 mobile9.com
Ex:- http://www.google.com
http:// :-- protocol
www :-- host
google :-- domain
.com :-- code
Some of the common domain codes are:
Codes Used For
i.) .com Commercial
ii.) .org Organization
iii.) .net Network
iv.) .int International organisations
v.) .edu Education
vi.) .gov Government
vii.) .mil Military
viii.) .apra Advanced Research Projects Agency
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